Dermatozoonosis inespecífico por coleótero: reporte de tres casos en la regiòn del Chaco Paraguayo / Nonspecific dermatozoonoses by beetle: three case reports in the Chaco Paraguayo region

Las dermatozoonosis son afecciones cutáneas o cutáneo-sistémicas causadas por animales. Se analizaron tres casos de dermatitis de contacto producidas por sustancias vesicantes presentes en las familias de insectos Staphylinidae y Meloidae en residentes de la región del Chaco Boreal. La dermatitis de contacto por Staphylinidae y Meloidae, mejor llamada como dermatitis de contacto por paederina o cantaridina respectivamente, es una afección común en Paraguay pero frecuentemente subdiagnosticada o confundida con Herpes Zoster debido a sus características. Al informar sobre la epidemiología, condiciones clínicas y tratamiento de esta afección se puede prevenir su incidencia, ayudar en su proceso resolutivo y evitar diagnósticos errados que lleven a un tratamiento innecesario.

Dermatozoonosis are cutaneus or cutaneoussistemic afections caused by animals. Three cases of contact dermatitis produced by vesicant substances present in Staphylinidae and Meloidaeinsect families in residents ChacoBorealregionwere analyzed. Contact dermatitis due to Staphylinidae and Meloidae, better called Paederinor Cantharidin contact dermatitis respectively, isa common disease in Paraguay but it’s frequentlyunderdiagnosed or confused with Herpes Zoster be cause of their characteristics. Reporting on epidemiology, clinical conditions and treatment of these illness, it can prevent its occurrence, assistin their resolution process and avoid misdiagnosis that lead to an unnecessary treatment.

Demand–supply gaps in human resources to combat vector-borne disease in India: capacity-building measures in medical entomology.

Vector-borne diseases account for a significant proportion of the global burden of infectious disease. They are one of the greatest contributors to human mortality and morbidity in tropical settings, including India. The World Health Organization declared vector-borne diseases as theme for the year 2014, and thus called for renewed commitment to their prevention and control. Human resources are critical to support public health systems, and medical entomologists play a crucial role in public health efforts to combat vector-borne diseases. This paper aims to review the capacity-building initiatives in medical entomology in India, to understand the demand and supply of medical entomologists, and to give future direction for the initiation of need-based training in the country. A systematic, predefined approach, with three parallel strategies, was used to collect and assemble the data regarding medical entomology training in India and assess the demand-supply gap in medical entomologists in the country. The findings suggest that, considering the high burden of vector-borne diseases in the country and the growing need of health manpower specialized in medical entomology, the availability of specialized training in medical entomology is insufficient in terms of number and intake capacity. The demand analysis of medical entomologists in India suggests a wide gap in demand and supply, which needs to be addressed to cater for the burden of vector-borne diseases in the country.

Species of the subfamily Triatominae Jeannel, 1919 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) present in the Collection of Chagas Disease Vectors (FIOCRUZ-COLVEC), State of Minas Gerais

Introduction Biological collections are depositories of information on different species and contribute to the knowledge, protection, conservation and maintenance of biodiversity. Methods A list of triatomine species currently included in the Collection of Chagas Disease Vectors (FIOCRUZ-COLVEC) was prepared from the database made available by the Reference Center on Environmental Information. Results COLVEC curatorship houses 4,778 specimens of triatomines, of which 811 come from other American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, the United States of America, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela) and 3,967 are autochthonous from Brazil. Altogether, 56 species of Chagas disease vectors are represented in the COLVEC: two species of the Tribe Cavernicolini Usinger, 1944; fifteen species of the tribe Rhodniini Pinto, 1926, of which 12 are of the genus Rhodnius and 3 are of the genus Psamolestes; and 39 species of the tribe Triatomini Jeannel, 1919, represented by the genus Dipetalogaster, two species of the genus Eratyrus, two of the genus Meccus, seven of the genus Panstrongylus and 27 of the genus Triatoma. Conclusions This list provides important data on the diversity of triatomines ...

Descrição das Infestações e estudo morfométrico de percevejos de cama (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) do Estado de São Paulo / Description of infestations and morphometric study Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in the State of Sao Paulo

Os cimicídeos, conhecidos popularmente como percevejos-de-cama, são insetos hematófagos durante os estágios de ninfas e adulto. Algumas espécies apresentam marcante antropofilia e apesar de não transmitirem patógenos, podem causar algumas complicações a saúde humana, como alergias graves e anemia. O número de infestações nos últimos anos em muitos países tem aumentado significativamente e a relação com lugares de baixo IDH não é mais observada, inclusive na cidade de São Paulo. A precariedade nos estudos dificulta o conhecimento sobre as infestações. No presente estudo, teve-se o objetivo descrever infestações no estado de São Paulo e seus aspectos, e estudar a morfologia dos percevejos de cama encontrados, através de análise morfométrica. Foram coletadas e descritas cinco infestações, quatro na cidade de São Paulo e uma na cidade de Mirandópolis. Os resultados sugerem haver falta de conhecimento da população sobre esta praga urbana e comfirmam Cimex lectularius como principal espécie presente no estado de São Paulo, assim como sugere uma proximidade populacional das infestações dentro da cidade de São Paulo em relação a infestações de outras localidades. Porém os estudos devem ser estimulados no intuito de enriquecer o conhecimento sobre estes insetos, haja vista o grande fluxo de pessoas e a possibilidade de agravamento das infestações, uma vez que grandes eventos internacionais ocorrerão em capitais brasileiras.

The Cimicidae, commonly known as bedbugs are bloodsucking insects throughout all their life cycle. Some species show striking anthropophily and despite they dont transmit diseases they can cause some complications for human health, such as severe allergies and anemia. The number of infestations over the last few years in many countries has increased significantly compared to places with low HDI that is no longer observed, including São Paulo city. The lack of studies hinders knowledge about infestations. The present study aims to describe infestations in the state of São Paulo and its aspects, and to study the morphology of bedbugs found, through morphometric analysis. Five infestations in the city of São Paulo and one in the city of Mirandópolis were collected and described. The results suggest lack of knowledge of the population about this urban blight and confirm Cimex lectularius as the main species present in the state of São Paulo. Also suggests proximity of infestations within the city of São Paulo in relation to infestations of other localities. However, the studies should be encouraged in order to enrich the knowledge about these insects, considering the large flow of people and the possibility of aggravating the infestation, since large international events will occur in the largest Brazilian cities.

Sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from Central Amazonia and four new records for the Amazonas state, Brazil / Flebotomíneos da Amazônia Central e quatro novos registros para o estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Sand flies from Central Amazonia and four new records for the Amazonas state, Brazil. A survey was conducted in May and June 2008 to study the fauna of insects in Central Amazonia, Brazil. As part of the survey, we report here that sixty species of phlebotomine were identified, totaling 13,712 specimens from 13 genera. The collection sites were located at the border between the states of Pará and Amazonas, comprising three municipalities from the Amazonas state (Borba, Maués, and Nhamundá). Malaise, CDC and Shannon traps were used to collect the insects. Most of the sand flies were collected by CDC traps (89.5%), while Malaise and Shannon traps collected 7% and 3.5%, respectively. The most abundant genera, representing 97.1% of the total sand flies identified were: Trichopygomyia Barretto, 1962 (47.6%), Psathyromyia Barretto, 1962 (17.9%), Psychodopygus Mangabeira, 1941 (17.5%) and Trichophoromyia Barretto, 1962 (14.3%). The genera with the largest number of species identified were: Psychodopygus (14), Psathyromyia (10), Evandromyia Mangabeira, 1941 (7), Trichophoromyia (5) and Trichopygomyia (5). The most abundant species was Trichopygomyia trichopyga (Floch & Abonnenc, 1945), which represented 29% of the total sand flies identified. Here we also report new records for four species in the Amazonas state: Ps. complexus (Mangabeira, 1941), Ps. llanosmartinsi Fraiha & Ward, 1980, Ty. pinna (Feliciangeli, Ramirez-Pérez & Ramirez, 1989), and Th. readyi (Ryan, 1986). The results of this study provide new, additional information on the distribution of sand flies in the Amazon and increase the number of species in the Amazonas state from 127 to 131.

Flebotomíneos da Amazônia Central e quatro novos registros para o estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Um levantamento foi conduzido em maio e junho de 2008 para estudar a fauna de insetos da Amazônia Central, Brasil. Como parte desta pesquisa, foram registradas 60 espécies de um total de 13.712 espécimes pertencentes a 13 gêneros. Os locais de coleta localizaram-se na fronteira dos estados do Pará e do Amazonas, incluindo três municípios do estado do Amazonas (Borba, Maués e Nhamundá). Armadilhas do tipo Malaise, CDC e Shannon foram utilizadas para coletar os insetos. A maioria dos flebotomíneos foi coletada em armadilhas CDC (89,5%), enquanto que as armadilhas Malaise e de Shannon coletaram 7% e 3,5%, respectivamente. Os gêneros mais abundantes, representando 97,1% do total de flebotomíneos identificados foram: Trichopygomyia Barretto, 1962 (47,6%), Psathyromyia Barretto, 1962 (17,9%), Psychodopygus Mangabeira, 1941 (17,5%) e Trichophoromyia Barretto, 1962 (14,3%). Os gêneros com o maior número de espécies identificadas foram Psychodopygus (14), Psathyromyia (10), Evandromyia Mangabeira, 1941 (7), Trichophoromyia (5) e Trichopygomyia (5). A espécie mais abundante foi Trichopygomyia trichopyga (Floch & Abonnenc, 1945) a qual representou 29% do total de flebotomíneos identificados. Também são registradas quatro novas espécies para o estado do Amazonas: Ps. complexus (Mangabeira, 1941), Ps. llanosmartinsi Fraiha & Ward, 1980, Ty. pinna (Feliciangeli, Ramirez-Pérez & Ramirez, 1989), e Th. readyi (Ryan, 1986). Os resultados deste estudo fornecem informações novas e adicionais sobre a distribuição de flebotomíneos da Amazônia e aumenta o número de espécies no estado do Amazonas de 127 para 131.

Ciencia, tecnología y acción sanitaria a través de los 50 años del Boletín de Malariología y Salud Ambiental / Science, technology and health action trough the 50 years of the Boletín de Malariología y Salud Ambiental

El Boletín de Malariología y Salud Ambiental es una de las revistas más antiguas de Venezuela en el área de la Salud Pública. Durante 50 años de publicación ininterrumpida, sus páginas reflejan la ciencia, tecnología y acción sanitaria, que han contribuido a la prevención y control de las parasitosis y arbovirosis de mayor impacto en la población venezolana. Se reseñan autores y acontecimientos, que en las diferentes décadas han incidido en el devenir de esta revista. En los últimos años, su especificidad, pertinencia social y calidad científica la han hecho acreedora de inclusión en importantes índices internacionales, como Global Health, SciELO Venezuela y el WEB Science Citation Index ExpandedTM 2010. Por ende, gracias a la moderna tecnología de la comunicación, esta revista ha logrado una mayor participación a nivel ibero-americano y mayor visibilidad internacional. Dentro de este marco, se aprecia un renovado apoyo de la comunidad científica venezolana y del órgano patrocinador, Instituto de Altos Estudios "Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldon", en pro del Boletín de Malariología y Salud Ambiental, revista que ha contribuido a poner al alcance de todo el mundo, un importante acervo científico venezolano, de alto compromiso social en el ámbito de la Salud Pública.

The Boletín de Malariología y Salud Ambiental is one of Venezuela’s oldest journals in the area of Public Health. During 50 years of uninterrupted publication, its pages reflect the science, technology and environmental sanitation that have contributed to the prevention and control of parasitic and arborviral diseases with a greatest impact on the Venezuelan population. Authors and events are outlined, which, over the decades, have influenced the evolution of this journal. In recent years, high specificity, social relevance and scientific quality have earned its inclusion in major indexes such as Global Health, SciELO Venezuela and the WEB Science Citation Index ExpandedTM 2010. Thus, thanks to the modern communication technology, this magazine has achieved a greater participation of the Ibero-American scientists and wider visibility. Within this framework, we see a renewed support of the Venezuelan scientific community and its sponsor, the "Instituto de Altos Estudios Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldon" with the Boletin de Malariología y Salud Ambiental magazine, that has contributed to making available worldwide, a major Venezuelan scientific heritage, with high social commitment in the field of Public Health!.

Ferrovias, doenças e medicina tropical no Brasil da Primeira República / Railroads, disease, and tropical medicine in Brazil under the First Republic

Aborda o impacto da malária no âmbito da modernização republicana, basicamente nas ferrovias, que asssumiram então o papel de integrar o território e operar a expansão simbólica e material da nação brasileira. Os cientistas destacados para debelar os surtos epidêmicos não se limitaram a realizar as campanhas. Fizeram observações sobre aspectos da doença, inclusive suas relações com hospedeiros e ambientes, contribuindo com novos conhecimentos e com a institucionalização, no Brasil, de novo campo que então se estabelecia nas potências coloniais européias: a medicina tropical. O artigo articula essas inovações - especialmente a teoria da infecção domiciliária - com as campanhas em prol de ferrovias e com estágio subseqüente no enfrentamento da malária no Brasil, nos anos 1920.

The article explores the impact of malaria on infrastructure works - above all, railroads - under the republican drive towards modernization. Railways helped tie the territory together and foster the symbolic and material expansion of the Brazilian nation. The scientists entrusted with vanquishing such epidemic outbreaks did not just conduct campaigns; they also undertook painstaking observations of aspects of the disease, including its relations to hosts and the environment, thus contributing to the production of new knowledge of malaria and to the institutionalization of a new field in Brazil, then taking root in Europe's colonies: "tropical medicine." The article shows the ties between these innovations (especially the theory of domiciliary infection) and the sanitary campaigns that helped the railways, which in the 1920s were followed by a new phase in Brazil's anti-malaria efforts.

An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Practical in Parasitology for Undergraduate Students Using the Results of Practical Examination / 医学教育

We assessed the effectiveness of practical instruction in parasitology for undergraduates at Jichi Medical School by examining grades on a practical examination. Two hundred six second-year medical students in 1997 and 1998 (103 students in each year) were enrolled in this study. The students took written and practical examinations at the end of the program. We found that grades on the practical examination were correlated with grades on the written examination (r=0.5664; p<0.001). The discrimination index ranged from 0.23 to 0.78. The percentage of correctly identified species was significantly higher when students studied live specimens than when they used other methods (p<0.0001 in both 1997 and 1998). The highest rates of correct identification (more than 90%) were for <I>Anisakis</I> species larvae and <I>Enterobius vermicularis</I> eggs in 1997 and for <I>Anisakis</I> species larvae, <I>E. vermicularis</I> eggs, and <I>Anopheles</I> mosquitoes in 1998. Results of neither written nor practical examinations differed significantly between students who chose biology at the entrance examination and those who did not. Our results suggest that undergraduates would gain a better understanding of parasitology by studying live specimens.